我们提出了一种用于语义分割的新型无监督域适应方法，该方法将训练的模型概括为源图像和相应的地面真相标签到目标域。域自适应语义分割的关键是学习域，不变和判别特征，而无需目标地面真相标签。为此，我们提出了一个双向像素 - 型对比型学习框架，该框架可最大程度地减少同一对象类特征的类内变化，同时无论域，无论域如何，都可以最大程度地提高不同阶层的阶层变化。具体而言，我们的框架将像素级特征与目标和源图像中同一对象类的原型保持一致（即分别为正面对），将它们设置为不同的类别（即负对），并执行对齐和分离在源图像中具有像素级特征的另一个方向的过程，目标图像中的原型。跨域匹配鼓励域不变特征表示，而双向像素 - 型对应对应关系汇总了同一对象类的特征，提供了歧视性特征。为了建立对比度学习的训练对，我们建议使用非参数标签转移（即跨不同域的像素 - 型对应关系，就可以生成目标图像的动态伪标签。我们还提出了一种校准方法，以补偿训练过程中逐渐补偿原型的阶级域偏差。

神经网络量化旨在将特定神经网络的高精度权重和激活转变为低精度的权重/激活，以减少存储器使用和计算，同时保留原始模型的性能。但是，紧凑设计的主链体系结构（例如Mobilenets）通常用于边缘设备部署的极端量化（1位重量/1位激活）会导致严重的性能变性。本文提出了一种新颖的量化感知训练（QAT）方法，即使通过重点关注各层之间的权重之间的重量间依赖性，也可以通过极端量化有效地减轻性能退化。为了最大程度地减少每个重量对其他重量的量化影响，我们通过训练一个依赖输入依赖性的相关矩阵和重要性向量来对每一层的权重进行正交转换，从而使每个权重都与其他权重分开。然后，我们根据权重量化的重要性来最大程度地减少原始权重/激活中信息丢失的重要性。我们进一步执行从底层到顶部的渐进层量化，因此每一层的量化都反映了先前层的权重和激活的量化分布。我们验证了我们的方法对各种基准数据集的有效性，可针对强神经量化基线，这表明它可以减轻ImageNet上的性能变性，并成功地保留了CIFAR-100上具有紧凑型骨干网络的完整精确模型性能。

在实用的联合学习方案中，参与的设备可能具有不同的位宽，用于按设计进行计算和内存存储。然而，尽管设备异构联合学习方案取得了进展，但硬件中位于位的比值的异质性大多被忽略了。我们介绍了一种务实的FL场景，在参与设备中具有位于刻度的异质性，被称为Bitwidth异质联邦学习（BHFL）。 BHFL提出了一个新的挑战，即具有不同位宽度的模型参数的聚合可能会导致严重的性能变性，尤其是对于高含宽模型。为了解决这个问题，我们提出了ProWD框架，该框架在中央服务器上具有可训练的权重去除剂，该框架逐渐将低位宽度的重量重建为更高的位宽度重量，最后将其重建为完整的重量。 PROWD进一步选择性地汇总了模型参数，以最大程度地提高跨比异质权重的兼容性。我们使用具有不同位低的客户端在基准数据集上的相关FL基准验证了Prowd。我们的prowd在很大程度上优于基线FL算法以及在拟议的BHFL方案下的天真方法（例如，平均分组）。

虽然多步逆势培训被广泛流行作为对抗强烈的对抗攻击的有效防御方法，但其计算成本与标准培训相比，其计算成本是众所周知的。已经提出了几种单步侵权培训方法来减轻上述开销费用;但是，根据优化设置，它们的性能并不能充分可靠。为了克服这些限制，我们偏离了现有的基于输入空间的对抗性培训制度，并提出了一种单步潜在培训方法（SLAT），其利用潜在的代表梯度作为潜在的对抗扰动。我们证明，与所采用的潜伏扰动，恢复局部线性度并确保与现有的单步逆势训练方法相比，恢复局部线性度并确保可靠性的特征梯度的L1规范。因为潜伏的扰动基于可以在输入梯度计算过程中免费获得的潜在表示的梯度，所以所提出的方法与快速梯度标志方法相当成本。实验结果表明，尽管其结构简单，但优于最先进的加速的对抗训练方法。

对抗性学习策略在处理单源域适应（DA）问题时表现出显着的性能，并且最近已应用于多源DA（MDA）问题。虽然大多数现有的MDA策略依赖于多个域歧视员设置，但其对潜伏空间表示的影响已经不知识。在这里，我们采用了一种信息 - 理论方法来识别和解决MDA上多个域鉴别器的潜在不利影响：域歧视信息的解体，有限的计算可扩展性以及培训期间损失梯度的大方差。我们在信息正规化的背景下通过情况进行对抗性DA来检查上述问题。这还提供了使用单一和统一域鉴别器的理论正当理由。基于这个想法，我们实施了一种名为多源信息正规化适应网络（MIAN）的新型神经结构。大规模实验表明，尽管其结构简洁，可靠，可显着优于其他最先进的方法。

The automated segmentation and tracking of macrophages during their migration are challenging tasks due to their dynamically changing shapes and motions. This paper proposes a new algorithm to achieve automatic cell tracking in time-lapse microscopy macrophage data. First, we design a segmentation method employing space-time filtering, local Otsu's thresholding, and the SUBSURF (subjective surface segmentation) method. Next, the partial trajectories for cells overlapping in the temporal direction are extracted in the segmented images. Finally, the extracted trajectories are linked by considering their direction of movement. The segmented images and the obtained trajectories from the proposed method are compared with those of the semi-automatic segmentation and manual tracking. The proposed tracking achieved 97.4% of accuracy for macrophage data under challenging situations, feeble fluorescent intensity, irregular shapes, and motion of macrophages. We expect that the automatically extracted trajectories of macrophages can provide pieces of evidence of how macrophages migrate depending on their polarization modes in the situation, such as during wound healing.

Data-centric AI has shed light on the significance of data within the machine learning (ML) pipeline. Acknowledging its importance, various research and policies are suggested by academia, industry, and government departments. Although the capability of utilizing existing data is essential, the capability to build a dataset has become more important than ever. In consideration of this trend, we propose a "Data Management Operation and Recipes" that will guide the industry regardless of the task or domain. In other words, this paper presents the concept of DMOps derived from real-world experience. By offering a baseline for building data, we want to help the industry streamline its data operation optimally.

According to the rapid development of drone technologies, drones are widely used in many applications including military domains. In this paper, a novel situation-aware DRL- based autonomous nonlinear drone mobility control algorithm in cyber-physical loitering munition applications. On the battlefield, the design of DRL-based autonomous control algorithm is not straightforward because real-world data gathering is generally not available. Therefore, the approach in this paper is that cyber-physical virtual environment is constructed with Unity environment. Based on the virtual cyber-physical battlefield scenarios, a DRL-based automated nonlinear drone mobility control algorithm can be designed, evaluated, and visualized. Moreover, many obstacles exist which is harmful for linear trajectory control in real-world battlefield scenarios. Thus, our proposed autonomous nonlinear drone mobility control algorithm utilizes situation-aware components those are implemented with a Raycast function in Unity virtual scenarios. Based on the gathered situation-aware information, the drone can autonomously and nonlinearly adjust its trajectory during flight. Therefore, this approach is obviously beneficial for avoiding obstacles in obstacle-deployed battlefields. Our visualization-based performance evaluation shows that the proposed algorithm is superior from the other linear mobility control algorithms.

This paper proposes a new regularization algorithm referred to as macro-block dropout. The overfitting issue has been a difficult problem in training large neural network models. The dropout technique has proven to be simple yet very effective for regularization by preventing complex co-adaptations during training. In our work, we define a macro-block that contains a large number of units from the input to a Recurrent Neural Network (RNN). Rather than applying dropout to each unit, we apply random dropout to each macro-block. This algorithm has the effect of applying different drop out rates for each layer even if we keep a constant average dropout rate, which has better regularization effects. In our experiments using Recurrent Neural Network-Transducer (RNN-T), this algorithm shows relatively 4.30 % and 6.13 % Word Error Rates (WERs) improvement over the conventional dropout on LibriSpeech test-clean and test-other. With an Attention-based Encoder-Decoder (AED) model, this algorithm shows relatively 4.36 % and 5.85 % WERs improvement over the conventional dropout on the same test sets.

Affect understanding capability is essential for social robots to autonomously interact with a group of users in an intuitive and reciprocal way. However, the challenge of multi-person affect understanding comes from not only the accurate perception of each user's affective state (e.g., engagement) but also the recognition of the affect interplay between the members (e.g., joint engagement) that presents as complex, but subtle, nonverbal exchanges between them. Here we present a novel hybrid framework for identifying a parent-child dyad's joint engagement by combining a deep learning framework with various video augmentation techniques. Using a dataset of parent-child dyads reading storybooks together with a social robot at home, we first train RGB frame- and skeleton-based joint engagement recognition models with four video augmentation techniques (General Aug, DeepFake, CutOut, and Mixed) applied datasets to improve joint engagement classification performance. Second, we demonstrate experimental results on the use of trained models in the robot-parent-child interaction context. Third, we introduce a behavior-based metric for evaluating the learned representation of the models to investigate the model interpretability when recognizing joint engagement. This work serves as the first step toward fully unlocking the potential of end-to-end video understanding models pre-trained on large public datasets and augmented with data augmentation and visualization techniques for affect recognition in the multi-person human-robot interaction in the wild.